Impartial coloring games

Coloring games are combinatorial games where the players alternate painting uncolored vertices of a graph one of $k > 0$ colors. Each different ruleset specifies that game's coloring constraints. This paper investigates six impartial rulesets (five new), derived from previously-studied graph coloring schemes, including proper map coloring, oriented coloring, 2-distance coloring, weak coloring, and sequential coloring. For each, we study the outcome classes for special cases and general computational complexity. In some cases we pay special attention to the Grundy function

Un modèle pour les algorithmes avec retour sur trace dans les tuteurs par traçage de modèles

La présente thèse décrit des travaux de recherches effectués sur des systèmes tutoriels intelligents (STI) et plus précisément sur les tuteurs par traçage de modèle (MTT). Les travaux de recherche présentés ici s’intéressent à la conception de MTT pour des domaines dans lesquels les étudiants peuvent résoudre la tâche qui leur est assignée de plusieurs façons. Ces domaines comportent parfois des algorithmes avec retour sur trace lorsque l’étudiant ne sait pas forcément quelles sont les alternatives qui feront progresser correctement l’état de la tâche.Cette thèse présente dans un premier temps un système de représentation de connaissances pour les algorithmes avec retour sur trace qui rend les connaissances de cet algorithme exploitables par des agents logiciels. Elle présente dans un second temps un ensemble de processus qui exploitent ces connaissances dans le cadre de MTT pour assurer automatiquement le suivi de l’étudiant et ainsi que la production d’interventions pédagogiques. En premier, ces interventions consistent à fournir à l'étudiant de l’aide pour la prochaine étape qui explique quelles sont les possibilités dont dispose l'étudiant et comment déterminer laquelle est la meilleure. En deuxième, elles fournissent à l'étudiant des rétroactions stratégiques qui lui confirment que son action est valide tout en l’informant de l’existence d’une meilleure alternative le cas échéant. Enfin, elles fournissent à l'étudiant des rétroactions négatives qui lui apprennent dans quelles situations les actions invalides qu’il vient d’effectuer s’appliquent.Une expérimentation a été réalisée avec des étudiants de biologie de l’Université de Sherbrooke pour évaluer les effets de ces interventions sur les choix des étudiants au cours de la résolution de la tâche. Les résultats de cette expérience montrent que les étudiants bénéficiant de ces interventions effectuent plus souvent des choix optimaux, et démontrent ainsi une plus grande maîtrise du domaine

Gender- and age-related differences in clinical presentation and management of outpatients with stable coronary artery disease

<br>Introduction: Contemporary generalizable data on the demographics and management of outpatients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) in routine clinical practice are sparse. Using the data from the CLARIFY registry we describe gender- and age-related differences in baseline characteristics and management of these patients across broad geographic regions.</br> <br>Methods: This international, prospective, observational, longitudinal registry enrolled stable CAD outpatients from 45 countries in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, the Middle East, and North, Central, and South America.</br> <br>Results: Baseline data were available for 33 280 patients. Mean (SD) age was 64 (10.5) years and 22.5% of patients were female. The prevalence of CAD risk factors was generally higher in women than in men. Women were older (66.6 vs 63.4 years), more frequently diagnosed with diabetes (33% vs 28%), hypertension (79% vs 69%), and higher resting heart rate (69 vs 67 bpm), and were less physically active. Smoking and a history of myocardial infarction were more common in men. Women were more likely to have angina (28% vs 20%), but less likely to have undergone revascularization procedures. CAD was more likely to be asymptomatic in older patients perhaps because of reduced levels of physical activity. Prescription of evidence-based medication for secondary prevention varied with age, with patients ≥ 75 years treated less often with beta blockers, aspirin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors than patients < 65 years.</br> <br>Conclusions: Important gender-related differences in clinical characteristics and management continue to exist in all age groups of outpatients with stable CAD.</br&gt

Variable Anisotropic Brain Electrical Conductivities in Epileptogenic Foci

Source localization models assume brain electrical conductivities are isotropic at about 0.33 S/m. These assumptions have not been confirmed ex vivo in humans. This study determined bidirectional electrical conductivities from pediatric epilepsy surgery patients. Electrical conductivities perpendicular and parallel to the pial surface of neocortex and subcortical white matter (n = 15) were measured using the 4-electrode technique and compared with clinical variables. Mean (±SD) electrical conductivities were 0.10 ± 0.01 S/m, and varied by 243% from patient to patient. Perpendicular and parallel conductivities differed by 45%, and the larger values were perpendicular to the pial surface in 47% and parallel in 40% of patients. A perpendicular principal axis was associated with normal, while isotropy and parallel principal axes were linked with epileptogenic lesions by MRI. Electrical conductivities were decreased in patients with cortical dysplasia compared with non-dysplasia etiologies. The electrical conductivity values of freshly excised human brain tissues were approximately 30% of assumed values, varied by over 200% from patient to patient, and had erratic anisotropic and isotropic shapes if the MRI showed a lesion. Understanding brain electrical conductivity and ways to non-invasively measure them are probably necessary to enhance the ability to localize EEG sources from epilepsy surgery patients

Measurement of the integrated luminosity of the Phase 2 data of the Belle II experiment

From April to July 2018, a data sample at the peak energy of the γ(4S) resonance was collected with the Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider. This is the first data sample of the Belle II experiment. Using Bhabha and digamma events, we measure the integrated luminosity of the data sample to be (496.3 ± 0.3 ± 3.0) pb-1, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. This work provides a basis for future luminosity measurements at Belle II

The Physics of the B Factories

This work is on the Physics of the B Factories. Part A of this book contains a brief description of the SLAC and KEK B Factories as well as their detectors, BaBar and Belle, and data taking related issues. Part B discusses tools and methods used by the experiments in order to obtain results. The results themselves can be found in Part C